[occitan]
Lo disco es de basa una musica urbana de bon dançar e tanben una jos-cultura nascuda aus Estats Units dins las annadas 1970 dins lo mitant nueitiu urban. La sonoritat del disco es caracterisada per un ritme quatre temps, de linhas de de bassa sincopadas, de seccions de còrdas, un piano electric, de sintetisors e de guitarras ritmicas electricas.
Lo disco a començat a la fin de las annadas 60 e al començament de las annadas 70 a Philadelphie e a New York coma una mescla de las musicas dels mitans populars de las classas mejanas de monde gessits de la comunautat afro-americana e de los de l'immigracion latino-americana e italiana. Lo disco pòt estre considerat coma una reaccion de la contra-cultura de las annadas 1960 a l'encòp cap a la dominacion de la musica rock e al mesprés de la "musica sonque per dançar" a l'epòca.
Pendent las annadas 1970, la musica disco es estada desvolopada susquetot per d'artistas dels Estats Units e d'Euròpa. Entremiei los mai coneguts, podèm citar : Boney M., The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor, Giorgio Moroder, ABBA, Earth Wind & Fire, KC and the Sunshine Band, Thelma Houston, Sister Sledge, Sylvester, Anita Ward, The Weather Girls, Barry White, The Whispers, Michael Zager Band, Village People, Diana Ross, The Jackson Five (tanben se pòt qualificar de "disco" lo primièr album solo de Michael Jackson), Kool and the Gang, Grace Jones, Eruption, Indeep, Lipps Inc. e Chic.
Dins los païses ont se parla lo francés, podèm tanben evocar lo fait que de nombroses cantairas, cantaires e grops se son convertits o simplament sarrats de l'estili disco : Cerrone, Patrick Hernandez, Karen Cheryl, Space, Ottawan, Claude François, Sheila Black Devotion, Dalida, Alain Chamfort (França) e Patrick Juvet (Soïssa).
Cronologicament, es una musica que s'espandís de la primièra crisa petrolièra de 1973 a l'aparicion del sida al començament de las annadas 1980.
Quitament se sembla superficiala, aquela musica demòra dins l'esperit contestaire de las annadas 1970 contra la societat conservadora tradicionala. Las tematicas de predileccion son la sexualitat liberada, la vida nueitiva e la jòia de viure. Una de las afirmacions recurenta dins l'estili del disco es tanben l'androginia, coma dins las votzes, aital la del biais de cantar de Patrick Juvet o dels Bee Gees. Son sovent personas qu'an un sens agut de l'espectacle e de la derision, que lor agrada de's travestir e pr'amor d'aquò t'assumen de mostrar d'aver un marrit gost vetimentari (Village People, Boney M.).
En 1977 sortís "Saturday Night Fever", un filme emblematic de la mòda disco. Aqueste filme revèla l'actor John Travolta.
La popularitat del disco s'es aflaquida per de rasons extèrnas e intèrnas. De'n primièr, lo monde es estat sadolat per lo disco, a l'encòp per la musica devenguda banala, e tanben per sos còdis "culturals", vestits o autres produits derivats, recuperats per l'industria del comèrci : aital, en 1979, lo disco es al som, mes es tanben aquesta annada que la critica comença d'ètre fòrça virulenta : "disco sucks" (lo disco, val pas res).
Aital, a partir de las annadas 1980, lo disco original desaparéis, o puslèu muda en post-disco dins los estilis populars de l'epòca que se dison Hi-NRG o funk, de còps declinats en versions mai localas (italo-disco), e aquò dura dincas a las annadas 1987-1988.
Lo disco es una influéncia màger de çò que se ditz la house music, l'estili que lo suplantèt a partir de 1987, mes tanben de l'EDM (la musica electronica de discotèca de las annadas 1990), del hip hop, e quitament tre las annadas 1980 de la new wave, talamant que la termièra entre lo jos-genre "syntpop" de la new wave e lo disco estant de còps pas tostemps trencada.
Pr'aquò, l'estili a avut mantuns reviscòls dempuèi las annadas 1990 e l'influéncia del disco demòra fòrta dins la cultura musicala pop americana e europèa. E i a quitament un brave retorn actualament, retorn que dura dempuèi lo començament de las annadas 2010. Demest los albums qu'an contribuït a n'aqueste retorn en fòrça de la mòda disco, ne podèm citar dos, emblematics : "Confessions On A Dance Floor" de la cantaira americana Madonna e "Random Access Memories" del duo francés de musica electronica Daft Punk.
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[english]
Disco is a genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the 1970s from the United States' urban nightlife scene. Its sound is typified by four-on-the-floor beats, syncopated basslines, string sections, horns, electric piano, synthesizers, and electric rhythm guitars.
Disco started as a mixture of music from venues popular with Italian Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans and Black Americans in Philadelphia and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco can be seen as a reaction by the 1960s counterculture to both the dominance of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music at the time.
In the course of the 1970s, disco music was developed further mainly by artists from the United States and Europe. Well-known artists include: Boney M., The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor, Giorgio Moroder, ABBA, Earth Wind & Fire, KC and the Sunshine Band, Thelma Houston, Sister Sledge, Sylvester, Anita Ward, The Weather Girls, Barry White, The Whispers, Michael Zager Band, Village People, Diana Ross, The Jackson Five (including in Michael Jackson's first solo album), Kool and the Gang, Grace Jones, Eruption, Indeep, Lipps Inc. and Chic.
In French-speaking countries, we can also mention many artists who have been associated with the disco style: Cerrone, Patrick Hernandez, Karen Cheryl, Space, Ottawan, Claude François, Sheila Black Devotion, Dalida, Alain Chamfort (France) and Patrick Juvet (Switzerland).
Chronologically, it's a music which extends approximately from the first oil crisis (1973) to the appearance of the AIDS in the early 80s.
However, behind a superficial aspect, this music remains in the seventies spirit of contestation of traditional conservative society. The favorite themes are free sexuality, nightlife and optimism. One of the affirmations of disco is androgyny in the style, as well as in the voices, like the swooning voices of the Bee Gees or Patrick Juvet. They are often characters with a keen sense of spectacle and derision, loving disguise and asserting a very assumed bad taste in clothing (Village People, Boney M.)
In 1977 "Saturday Night Fever" was released. This film becomes emblematic of the disco period. It reveals actor John Travolta.
Disco's popularity declined for both internal and external causes. First, the public was saturated by the disco fashion with an excessive repetition of the codes specific to this music: 1979 marks the peak of the genre, almost everyone wants to do disco, but it's also the beginning of the rejection of disco ("disco sucks").
Thus from the year 1980 the original disco disappears, or more exactly turns into various popular sub-genres of post disco as funk or Hi-NRG, sometimes localized (italo disco), until 1987-1988.
Disco would eventually become a key influence in the development of house music (that replaced disco starting 1987), electronic dance music, hip hop, new wave, the border between the synthpop's new wave of the 80s and the post disco never been very clear-cut.
However, the style has had several newer scenes since the 1990s, and the influence of disco remains strong across American and European pop music. A current revival has been underway since the early 2010s, coming to great popularity in the early 2020s. Albums that have contributed to this revival include Confessions On A Dance Floor (Madonna) or Random Access Memories (Daft Punk).
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